IS 5121: Safety code for piling and other deep foundations

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IS 5121 (1969) : Safety code for piling and other deep
foundations [CED 29: Construction Management including
safety in Construction]

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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

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PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT

15:5121-1969

( Reaffirmed 2005 )

Indian Standard

SAFETY CODE FOR
PILING AND OTHER DEEP FOUNDATIONS

( Fourth Reprint OCTOBER 1991 )

UDC 624.154:614.8

© Copyright 1969
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH 2:AFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr3 August 1%9

15:5121-1969

Indian Standard

SAFETY CODE FOR
PILING AND OTHER DEEP FOUNDATIONS

Safety in Construction Sectional Committee, BDG 45

Chairman Representing

Shbi D, N. Chopra Railway Board, Ministry of ilailways

Members

DiRBCTOK, Civil Enoikeer.-

iNG, Railway Boakd ( Alternate to
Shri D. N. Chopra )
Shki Abdaman Singh Irrigation & Power Department, Government of

Himachal Pradesh
Shri A. Piret de Behain T^ammon India Limited, Bombay

Shri P. Bose Eastern Regional Electrical Contractors' Association,

Calcutta
Shri A. K. Sen ( Alternatt )
Dk S. M. K. Chetty Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee

Shri B. C. Srivastava ( Alternate )
Shri N. N. Chopra Hindustan Steel Limited, Ranchi

Shri T. K. Koshi {Alternate)
Shri J. Datt Concrete Association of India, Bombay

Shri Y. K. Mehta ( Alternate )
Shei a. K. Datta Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Co Ltd,

Calcutta
Shri C. M. Deosthalb Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad

Shei K. Bhattacharya ( Alternate )
Shri V. R. Detjskab Irrigation and Power Department, Maharashtra

Shri G. B. Agaskab ( Alternate )
Director General, Factory Ministry of Labour & Employment
Advice Service and Labour
Institutes
Director ( P & R ) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi

Shri T. Dubai Raj Directorate General of Health Services

Shri C. R. Nagabhushana
Rao ( Alternate )
Shri H. G. Gupta Hindustan Steel Ltd, Ranchi

Shbi G. R. Jolly Builders' Association of India, Bombay

Shri K. J. Sapra ( Alternate )
Shri V. S. Kamat Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay

Shbi V. S. Krishnaswamy Geological Survey of India, Calcutta

Shri V. Prasad ( Alternate )
Shbi R, L. Kumar The Institution of Surveyors, Ne\v Delhi

( Continued on page 2 )

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

IS: 5121 -1969

{ Continued from page 1 )

Members
Shbi B. B, Lal

Managing Dibector

Shri K. G. Salvi ( Alternate )
Shbi G. C. Mathub

Shbi B. S. Bhatti ( Alternate )
Shbi G. X. Mibohandani
Shbi C. B. Pated

Shki b. C. jHAVEBi ( Alternate )
Shbi P. Sampath

Representing
National Buildings Construction Corporation, New

Delhi
Hindustan Housing Factory, New Delhi

National Buildings Organization

Engineer-in-Ghief's Branch, Army Headquarters
M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

National Projects Construction Corporation Ltd, New
Delhi

Shbi J. Nagabaj ( Alternate )
Stjpebintending Subveyor of Central Public Works Department

WOKKS I

StTBVEYQB OF Works II, SSW
Paoi" C. G. Swaminathan
Shbi Tilak Raj Takulia
Shbi G. Venkatasubbamanian
Db H. C. Visvesvabaya
Shbi R. Nagaeajan,
Director { Civ Engg )

I ( Alternate )

Central Road Research Institute { CSIR ), New Delhi

Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay

Ministry of Law

The Institute of Engineers ( India), Calcutta

Director General, TSI ( Ex-officio Member )

Secretary

Shbi J. R. Mehta

Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI

Panel for Safety in Piling and Other Deep Foundations, BDC 45 :P2

Convener
Shri T. K. Ghosh

The Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay

Members
Shbi R. K. Das Gupta Simplex Concrete Piles ( India ) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

Shbi CM. Shah McKenzies Limited, Bombay

Shbi V. B. Mathub ( Alternate )

IS:5121-1%9

Indian Standard

SAFETY CODE FOR
PILING AND OTHER DEEP FOUNDATIONS

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institu-
tion on 30 May 1969, after the draft finalized by the Safety in Construction
Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.

0.2 Pile driving and well sinking are specialized jobs involving a lot of
hazards which sometimes lead to accidents. It is necessary that certain
safety rules are laid down for every phase of work involved and that these
are meticulously followed by each member of the crew working on the jobs,
not only for his own safety but also for the safety of his fellow workers and
onlookers. This standard has, therefore, been formulated to lay down
safety requirements for pile driving and for preparing deep foundations
including well sinking.

0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in
different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in
this country.

0.4 This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on safety in
construction.

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final va:lue, observed or calculated, express-
ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance' with
IS; 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard lays down the safety requirements for piling and other
deep foundations as stated below:

a) Safety measures while working with a piling rig, and

b) Safety measures while preparing other deep foundations.

•Rules" for rounding off numerical values ( revised).

3

IS: 3121 -1969

2. GENERAL

2.1 Safety Programme — All operations shall be carried out under the
immediate charge of a properly qualified and competent foreman. The
foreman shall also be responsible for the safety arrangements of the work.

2.2 Fencing shall be provided, wherever necessary, around the working area
or watchmen provided to prevent onlookers from tresspassing into the
construction sites. For work during the night lighting of at least 100 lux
intensity shall be provided at the work site.

2.3 The working area shall be investigated to ascertain the presence of any
buried obstruction and actual position of all service lines passing through
the work site shall be known before the work commences. Particular
attention shall be given in case live electrical cables pass underground,
which may interfere within the depth of foundation.

2.4 The safety provisions shall be brought to the notice of all concerned
and matters needing special attention shall be displayed at a prominent
place at the work spot.

2.5 All necessary safety equipment like safety belts and safety helmets and
safety shoes, as considered suitable, shall be kept available for the use
of persons employed on the site and maintained in condition suitable for
immediate use.

2.6 A first-aid kit shall be maintained at the site near the place of work, to
comply with the requirements and provisions for the work.

2.7 Those engaged in mixing and stacking of cement bags or any other
material injurious to human body shall be provided with protective wear
suitable for the purpose. Welders engaged in the work of welding shall
use eye sight shields.

2.8 Every crane driver or hoisting appliance ojjerator shall be competent
to the satisfaction of the engineer-in-charge and no person under the age
of 21 years should be in-charge of any hoisting machine including any
scaffolding winch, or give signals to operator.

3. PILING RIG

3.1 There are numerous types of piling rigs in piling work, depending on
the need for the site conditions. While utilizing specialized rigs the instruc-
tions issued by the suppliers shall be kept in view.

3.14 Pile drivers shall not be erected in dangerous proximity to electric
conductors.

3.1,2 If two pile drivers are erected at one place these shall be separated
by a distance at least equal to the longest leg in either rig.

IS: 5121- 1969

3.2 The frame of any rig shall be structurally safe for all anticipated dead,
live or wind loads. Whenever there is any doubt about the struclurai
strength, suitable test shall be carried out by the foreman and the results
of the test recorded. No pile-driving equipment shall be taken into use

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3.3 Pile drivers shall be firmly supported on heavy timber sills, concrete
beds or other secure foundation. If necessary to prevent danger, pile
drivers shall be adequately guyed.

3.3.1 When the rig is not in use, extra precautionary measures for
stability, such as securing them with minimum four guys, shall be adopted
to prevent any accidents due to wind, storm, gales, and earthquake.

3.4 Access to working platforms and the top pulley shall be provided by
ladders. Working platforms shall be protected against the weather.

3.4.1 In tall driven piling rigs or rigs of similar nature where a ladder is
necessary for regular use, the ladder shall be securely fastened and extended
for the full height of the rig. The ladder shall also be maintained in good
condition at all times.

3.5 Exposed gears, fly whe^s, etc, shall be fully enclosed. Boilers, hoist-

weather, wherever possible.

3.6 Pile driving equipment in use shall be inspected by a competent
engineer at regular intervals not exceeding three months. Also a register
shall be maintained at the site of work for recording the results of such
inspections. Pile lines and pulley blocks shall be inspected by the foreman
before the beginning of each shift, for any excess wear or any other
defect.

3.6.1 Defective parts of pile drivers, such as sheavps, mechanism slings
and hose shall be repaired by only competent person and duly inspected
by foreman-in-charge of the rig and the results recorded in the register.

3.6.2 No steam or air equipment shall be repaired while it is in operation
or under pressure.

3.6.3 Hoisting ropes on pile drivers shall be made of galvanized steel.

3.7 All bolts and nuts which are likely to be loosened due to vibration
during pile driving shall be checked regularly and tightened.

3.8 Steam and air lines shall be controlled by easily accessible shut-off
valves^ These lines shall. consist of armoured hose or its equivalent. The
hose of steam and air hamtners shall be securely lashed to the hammer so
as to prevent it from whipping if a connection breaks. Couplings of
sections of hose shall be, additionally secured by ropes or chains.

IS; 5121 -1969

3.9 When not in use the hammer shall be in dropped position and shall be
held in place by a cleat, timber or any other suitable means.

3.10 For every hoisting, machine and for every chain ring hook, shackie,
swivel and pulley block used in hoisting or as means of suspension, the safe
working loads shall be ascertained. In case of doubt actual testing shall
be carried out and the working load shall be taken as half of the tested
load. Every hoisting machine, and all gears referred to above shall be
plainly marked with the safe working load. In case of a hoisting machine
having a variable safe working load, each safe working load together with
the conditions under which it is applicable shall be clearly indicated. No
part of any machine or any gear shaii be loaded beyond the safe working
load except for the purpose of testing.

3.11 Motor gearing, transmission, electrical wiring and other dangerous

parts of hoisting appliances should be provided with efficient safe guards.

Hoisting appliances shall be provided with such- means as will reduce, to

the minimum, the risk of accidental descent of the load and adequate

precautions shall be taken to reduce to the minimum, the risk of any part

of suspended load becoming accidentally displaced. When workers are
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mats and weariiig ^ipparel, such as gloves, etc, as may be necessary, shall
be provided. Sheaves on pile drivers shall be guarded so that workers may
not be drawn into them,

3.11.1 When loads have to be inclined:

a) they shall be adequatjly counter-balanced; and

b) the tilting device shall be secured against slipping.

3.12 Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent a pile driver from
overturning if a wheel breaks.

3.13 Adequate precautions shall be taken by providing stirrups or by other
effective means, to prevent the rope from coming out of the top pulley
or wheel.

3.14 Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent the hammer from
missing the pile.

3.15 If necessary to prevent danger, long piles and heavy sheet piling should
be secured against falling.

3.16 Wherever steam boilers are used, the safety regulations of boilei
shall be strictly followed and safety valves shall be adjusted to 0'7 kg/cm*
in excess of working pressure accurately.

3.17 Where electricity is used as power for piling rig, only armoured cable
conforming to the relevant Indian Standard shall be used and the cable
shall be thoroughly waterproofed.

IS:5121-19G9

4. OPERATION OF EQ](JIPMENT

4.1 Workers employed in the vicinity of pile drivers shall wear helmets
conforming to 18:2925-1964*.

4.2 Piles-shall be prepared at a distance at least equal to twice the length
of the longest pile from the pile driver.

4.3 Piles being hoisted in the rig should be so slung that they do not have
to be swung round, and may not inadvertently, swing or whip round. A
hand rope shall be fastened to a pile that is being hoisted to control its
movement. While a pile is being guided into position in the leads,
workers shall not put their hands or arms between the pile and the inside
guide or on top of the pile, but shall use a rop)e for guiding.

4.4 While a pile is being hoisted all workers not actually engaged in the
operation shsdl keep at a distance which ensures safety.

4.5 Before a wood pile is hoisted in* ' position it shall be provided with an
iron ring or cap over the driving end to prevent brooming.

4.6 When creosoted wood piles are being driven, adequate precauti6ns shall
be taken, such as the provision of personal protective equipment atnd
barrier creams to f^revent workers receivin" e^e or skin injuries from
splashes of creosote.

4.7 When piles are driven at an inclination to the vertical, if necessary to
prevent danger, these should rest in a guide.

4.8 No steam or air line shall be blown down until all workers are at a
safe distance.

5. FLOATING PILE DRFVERS

5.1 When pile drivers are working over water a suitable boat shall be kept
readily available at all times. AH members of floating pile-driver crews
shall be trained to handle boats and shall also know swimming.

5.2 Floating pile drivers shall be provided with a whistle, siren, horn or
other effective signalling equipment,

5.3 Floating pile drivers shall be provided with adequate fire fighting

5.4 The weight of machinery on a floating pile driver shall be so distributed
that the deck of the installation is horizontal Further, it shall be ensured
that the floating craft is stable and safe under all working conditions.

*SpecificAtipn for industrial safety helmets.

IS: 5121 -1969

5,j5 Steel pile-driver hulls shall be divided into watertight compartments,
and the watertight compartments should be provided with siphons for the
removal of water seepage.

5.6 Deck hatches shall have firmly fastened covers that fit fiush with the
deck. Open hatches shall be adequately fenced or guarded.

5.7 Fuel tanks below deck shall be vented to the outside and vents shall be
provided with flame arrestors. Fcr each fuel tank below deck there shall
be an eme^ency shut-off valve on deck.

5.8 Lighting fixttires below deck shall be explosion proof and flame proof.

5.9 Sufficient sheaves shall be provided on deck to enable the pile driver to
be safely manoeuvred in any direction and safely secured in position.

5.10 The operator's cabin shall afford an unrestricted view of the
operations.

6. SHEET PILING

6.1 If necessary to prevent danger from wind or other sources, a hand rope
shall be used to control the movement of steel sheet sections that are being
transported.

6.2 Workers who have to sit on a steel sheet section to interlock sheets
shall be provided with stirrups or other devices to afford them a safe seat.
Workers shall not stand or sit on sheet piling while it is being released
from the slings, lowered or moved into position.

6.3 Workers handling sheets should wear gloves.

6.4 If necessary to prevent danger from displacement by the current, steel
sheet sections shall be braced until they are firmly in position. If
necessary to prevent danger from undercutting of the cofferdam by the
current a substantial berm shall be installed upstream.

6.5 While it is being weighted with stones, sheet piling should be securely
moored.

6.6 Adequate pumping facilities shall be available at cofferdams to keep
them clear of water. Also adequate means of escape, such as ladders and
boats shall be provided at cofferdams for the protection of workers in case
of flooding.

6.7 Adequate supplies of life-saving equipment shall be provided for
workers employed on cofferdams.

6.8 When sheet sections are being removed, their movements shall be
controlled by cables or other effective means.

8

18:5121.1969

7. OTHER MEASURES WHILE WORKING WITH BORED OR
CASSION PILING RIG

'T.l All holes which are left unattended shall be adequately and securely
covered or shall have an effective barrier placed as close to the edge as is
practicable.

7.2 BeFore any person enters a hole, the ground surface next to the hole
shall be cleaned and all loose soil, materials, loose tools, ropes, etc,
removed.

7.3 A person shall not remain in a hole for more than one hour at a time
and this time shall be suitably reduced depending on circumstances.

7.4 Persons entering holes shall be lowered or raised in suitable skips or
cages using properly constructed cranes and winches, shear legs or other
devices suitable for the purpose.

/»*f in water uearing anu unstauie overuuruens or wxiere tue siues oi tuc
hole are likely to collapse, lining tubes shall be used and those shall be
penetrated wherever possible sufficiently into any impermeable stratum or
rock to secure seal against ingress of ground water into the unlined hole
below.

7.6 When working at night, flood lighting shall be provided for the working
area. Hand lamps used for illuminating the bottom of the hole shall be of
flameproof construction of not more than 24 volt rating, when men are

WOrKing in tiie liOie.

7.7 Detector lamp capable of indicating the presence of dangerous
quantities of flammable gases and vapours or a serious oxygen deficiency or
an excess of carbon-di-oxide shall be a part of the working gear, where
poisonous gases may be present in the subsoil,

7.8 Before first lowering men into a borehole suitable steps shall be taken
to investigate the likely presence of poisonous gas in the subsoil of the site.

8. ADDITIONAL MEASURES FOR WELL FOUNDATION

8.1 Well sinking work shall be under the charge of engineers or supervisors
who have adequate experience in the execution of such jobs and at least
one such engineer/supervisor shall be present at site whenever work is in
progress.

8.2 Detailed information about the subsoil up to adequate depth below the
proposed bottom of -well foundations shall be collected so that the wells,
including their steinings and cutting edges are designed suiting the condi-
tions at site. This information will also assist in following safe well sinking

IS: 5121 -1969

procedures and in talcing precautionary measures in time against appea-
rance of sudden dangers, heavy sand blow and consequent subsidence of
peripherial area.

8.3 Prior geological study of terrain is recommended, particularly for rocky
area and bed with boulder studed soil to enable determination of slope of
rock, presence of fissures, etc, if any. Based on the information collected
precautionary measures against sudden tilt and shift in well shall be taken
for the safety of workmen.

8.3.1 If the study reveals presence of methane gas, approved type of
methanometer shall be used to detect the presence of such gas.

8.3.2 In case methane or any other hazardous gas is detected it shall be
immediately reported to the employer and further work in regard to sinking
of well shall be stopped.

8.3.3 For further progressing of work at such sites all precautions
necessary for working in gaseous mines shall be satisfied all the time in
consultation with an expert competent to work in such mines.

8.4 Whenever well sinking is to be carried out in compressed air, safety
requirements laid down in IS : 4138-1967* shall be followed.

8.5 Whenever blasting is resorted to, it shall be done under water through
electric detonators by remote control arrangements and ail the detonators
shall be connected in series to prevent the possibility of any misfire.

8.6 Plant and equipment placed around a well for sinking shall be placed
sufficiently far from the well to avoid chances of accident due to subsidence
of ground on account of heavy sand blow or other causes,

8.7 If a blow is expected when the diver is working, suitable provisions
shall be kept ready for him to come up quickly in the event of a blow. It
is suggested that an open grab is lowered to the bottom of excavations and
the winches/crane engine kept running and ready for hoisting at any time.

8.8 An air receiver with safety valve shall be attached to the compressor

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useu iUL UiVlilg WOIK. 1 lie ail icccivci aiiaii njc auic lu auy^jiy axi lui at.

least half an hour working.

8.9 The signalman working with a diver shall be his own team mate as far
as possible, and in any case .there shall be complete understanding between
the two about the signals code to be used.

8.10 In deep water say over 30 m divers shall not work for more than half
an hour at a time.

8.11 The divers shall give frequent signals auout tueir saiety.

•Safety code for working in compressed air.

10

8.12 All diving equipment shall be firequoktly checked.

8.13 When a well is loaded with heavy kendedge and a diver has to go
down for inspection it shall be only for a shcm duration say 10 to 15
minutes.

8.14 Divers carrying out excavation work using ^ck hammers, pickaxes,
etc, shall not go under the cuuing edge of the weU curb. When a stage is
reached that sudden downward movement of the well may be exnected^
the divers shall not stay under the steining thickness but m'UI be provided
with long enough tools for doing any work at this stage.

9, PROTEGTION TO NEIGHBOURING STRUCTURES AND
UNDERGROUND SERVICES

9.1 In driven piles vibration is set up which may cause damage to adjoining
structures or service lines depending on the nature of soil condition and the
construction standsa>d of such structure and service lines^ Possible extent
of all such damages shall be ascertained in a(ivance and operation and
mode of drivixq^ shall be planned with appropriate measures to ensure
safety.

9.2 Wherever in the vicinity of a site where bored or driven piling works
are to be carried out there are old structures which are likely to be dama-
ged, fell-tales shall be fixed on such structures to watch their behaviour
and timely precautions taken against any undesirable effect.

9.3 In case of bored or cassion piles, measures shall be taken to ensure
that there is no appreciable movement of soil mass into the borehole which
may cause subsidence to any existing foundation in the close proximity.
In wet holes where such possibilities are likely to be there the same shall
be minimized by approved technique and the operation should be
planned.

U

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